If you see someone being attacked by a shark living in shallow water, for example Tiger sharks, what should you do to save that person?

1. Tell someone beside you, it could be your friend or any passer by, to call for the ambulance

2. Remove yourself from another possible shark attack. Try to move away from where the waves might touch and move another 1m. 

3. Find someone to apply direct pressure to buy you some time.

4. Tell the person to press directly on the part where they see the most amount of blood coming out from.

5. Get a cloth if there is any, if not tear your shirt into a strip so that it can become a bandage. 

6. Place the strip about 4 fingers above the wound towards the heart.

7. Put a turn on the cloth as it might slide because of the blood.

8. Tie an overhand knot, to secure the cloth. It will hurt the person but ignore it.

9. Find something that you could put on top of the cloth and twist it. A stick from the beach would be good, but if you can't find it, a pen or maybe even you spectacles might be of help.

10. Place the stick or anything you found in the middle of the cloth, tie another knot on top of it.

11. Start turning until the bleeding stop as the pressure can close the wound up.

12. Tell your partner to raise their hands to see if the blood is still flowing, note that there will still be blood, but not as much as previous. 

13. Use the tails of the cloth, wrap around the stick. So that the stick won't twist when tied up.

14. Just tie a knot above it.


This video will show you a better idea on what you should do. Remember the most important thing is to stay calm.

 
 

Someone just got hit on the right eye. What do you do?

The eye is a very delicate organ that can be easily injured and injury to the eye may turn out to be permanent. The best is of course to use protective gear such as googles or screens to protect you. But if the eye does get injured, what is the best way to bandage it?

EMERGENCY TIP:

1. For bleeding around the eye, use an eye pad. This is like a gauze, but it is shaped like the socket of the eye to fit better. The apply a bandage or tape to secure into position.
2. For foreign body in the eye, try to flush out, then apply an eye shield first over the eye to prevent any contact or rubbing of the the eye.
3. For foreign body that protrudes out of the eye or is moveable within the eye, use an eye shield over the affected eye if possible and then cover both eyes. This will prevent the movement of both eyes, which could potentially cause more harm.

I hope you find this tip useful.

So what are the different types of dressings and bandages available out there and what are they used for?

Let’s get acquainted with 5 different types of bandages and dressings out there:

1. Triangular bandages
   These are triangular shaped and used for making slings, immobilising fractures and as a secondary (covering) dressing.
2. Crepe bandages
   Also known as elastic bandages are used for securing gauzes and applying pressure to bleeding wounds.
3. Gauze
   Applied directly to the wound to stop bleeding and limit exposure.
4. First Aid Dressing (wound dressing)
   Similar to gauze, only thicker and comes with “tails” to facilitate the securing of the bandage.
5. Non-adhesive dressing 
   Also similar to gauze, but has one side which is shiny and non-adhesive, so it doesn’t stick to the wound.

EMERGENCY TIP:

Here are some applications of these bandages and dressing:

1. Gauze
   Someone fell and has a cut on his lower arm. You get a gauze and place it directly over the wound, while applying pressure on it to stop the bleed.
2. Crepe bandage
   You have stopped the bleeding on the lower arm. You now can use a crepe bandage to secure the gauze in place.
3. Triangular bandage 
   You now can make a sling using a triangular bandage to prevent it from moving further and aggravating the injury.
4. First Aid Dressing
   If the gauze soaks with blood, immediately apply a first aid dressing over it and secure the tails together to keep the dressing in place. Continue to apply pressure over the wound.
5. Non-adhesive dressing
   The person also has a graze / abrasion over the knees. You apply the non-adhesive dressing over the knees and secure it with a first aid tape.

You may have seen them or even ate them before, but you wouldn’t want to touch them. I’m talking about jellyfish…

Jellyfish are beautiful creatures that live in the sea. They are usually translucent and sometimes hard to spot – but sometimes radiate beautiful colours as well. Occasionally, they get drawn towards the beach and if you are not careful, you may come into contact with them in the shallow waters.

Jellyfish stings are painful. The jellyfish has “tentacles” which contain the stinging cells. When you come into contact with these tentacles, they stick to you and continue to sting you. This may cause

• Pain
• Allergies
• Itching and hives
• Shortness of breath

Here what you need to do.

EMERGENCY TIP:

• Wipe away as much of the tentacles off your skin using a cloth. Do not touch them with your hands.
• Rinse with lots of water (sea water) as this will help to reduce the stinging effect.
• Do not use urine. Studies have found that it is not as effective in treating the jellyfish sting.
• Bring the person to the doctor for further treatment. If the person begins to develop anallergic reaction or becomes breathless, rush him or her to the hospital at once.

I hope you find this tip useful. This first aid is from http://www.firstaidtraining.com.sg/firstaidblogger/

 

For Jamie Hyneman and Adam Savage, science doesn't stop at cocktail hour. When drunken brawls break out, beer bottles often start flying, so the two MythBusters put some sober scrutiny into the question of whether an empty or full brewskie can do more damage.

First, they outfitted a football helmet with accelerometers to gauge the amount of g-force those flying bottles carry. After smashing a six-pack over a stunt dummy's head, the MythBusters discovered that the full beer bottles won out with an average g-force of 28 gs, compared to 22 gs from empty bottles.

For a look at what happens in and around sloshed skulls, the MythBusters built a fake head and brains to see how much bone and brain damage the bottles inflict. Again, the brimming bottles beat out the empties, triggering more dangerous brain movement and skull fractures. Both types of bottles yielded roughly the same amount of skin lacerations from broken glass, but the internal head trauma conclusively tipped the scales in favor of the full brewskies.

Although the best-case scenario is to avoid bar room broils to begin with, the busted myth deemed full beer bottles the worse weapon.